THE COMPLEX OWNERSHIP OF NEWCASTLE UNITED

Written by Andrew Page

In April 2020 Newcastle United Supporter’s Trust carried out a survey of their membership, asking for views on the proposed takeover of the club by the Saudi state. When the results were published the Trust wrote that:

“Many comments were received regarding wanting to see a clear and precise indication of exactly what the prospective new owners planned for the club, their aims, ambitions and how they intend to deliver them”.

However, since the takeover’s completion in October 2021 almost nothing specific has been communicated to supporters by the new ownership on their decision-making processes or future plans for the club.

In reality, it was never likely that fans were going to be provided with any real level of insight into the inner workings of the PIF. The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) assesses Sovereign Wealth Funds on transparency, governance, and accountability metrics. In 2019 the PIIE ranked Saudi Arabia’s PIF as amongst the least transparent, least accountable, and with the least credible governance structures in the world.

Human Rights Watch have highlighted that “it is impossible for Saudi citizens to seek information on or involvement in PIF decision-making, or to critique or seek accountability for abuses related to the PIF”.

Nearly 4 years after the takeover, there are some boardroom figures who have become familiar to fans. Most fans will recognise PIF Governor and club Chairman Yasir al Rumayyan. The takeover’s frontwoman and minority owner Amanda Staveley became very well known to supporters before her departure from the club in July 2024.

Minority owner Jamie Reuben has kept a low profile overall but has still interacted with supporters on occasion, while chief executive Darren Eales and chief commercial officer Peter Silverstone are both now well known to supporters.

However, aside from a couple of soundbites from Al Rumayyan, there has been almost complete silence from the majority owners. How decisions are made, who is involved, and PIF’s long term aims have never been revealed to supporters in any sort of detail.

One of the first signs that the Saudi state’s takeover of NUFC was a serious possibility was PIF’s creation of a holding company called NCUK Investment Limited in January 2020. Yasir Al Rumayyan was named as the company’s sole director initially, and PIF chief operations officer Bander Mogren was added as a director in April 2020.

NCUK Limited continues to exist as PIF’s vehicle for controlling their now 84.8% share of NUFC. Since the takeover’s completion there have been some changes to both NUFC and NCUK Investment Limited’s boards of directors, with senior PIF employees both being appointed and resigning.

In the time since the takeover was first mooted as a possibility, we have also seen prominent Saudi nationals who don’t work for PIF form a connection to NUFC.

Overall, there’s now more than a dozen PIF employees and high-profile Saudis who have been linked to the club in some way. By looking at how these individuals are connected to each other, as well as looking at their involvement with NUFC, it’s possible to try and draw some very tentative conclusions about how NUFC is governed and who is involved. It should be said that specific information is still sorely lacking. Some conclusions are drawn from little more than an interpretation of someone’s job title, with the secretive nature of PIF meaning that some conclusions are quite speculative, and there are plenty of questions that remain unanswered.

PIF Governor and NUFC Chairman: Yasir Al Rumayyan

Yasir Al Rumayyan has been the chairman of Newcastle United since October 2021 and was named as a director of NCUK Investment in January 2020. He is also the governor of the Saudi sovereign wealth fund (PIF), meaning that, by current estimates, he is in control of nearly $1 trillion worth of assets. Unlike other Saudi nationals with such a high profile, he does not have the patronage of a famous family name connected to the House of Saud. He has described how he was personally chosen for his role by Saudi Arabia’s de facto ruler Mohammed bin Salman, who elevated him from relative obscurity and bought him a $60m mansion close to the Royal Palace.

As well as governing PIF, he is the Chairman of state oil institution Aramco, and of Maaden, Saudi Arabia’s largest mining firm. He is the Chairman of LIV Golf, which was launched by the Saudi state to compete with the PGA Tour.

And he is responsible for developing NEOM, which includes The Line, the futuristic city that is the centrepiece of bin Salman’s Vision 2030 plan to transform Saudi Arabia.  It is very possible that this is a source of considerable stress for Al Rumayyan. In December 2023, Saudi Arabia announced for the first time that some parts of Vision 2030 were going to be delayed. And in April 2024 it was revealed that the project at Neom was to be significantly scaled back. Saudi officials had originally said that The Line at Neom would eventually cover 170km, but this target was revised down to a more manageable aim of completing only 2.4km by 2030, making it slightly longer than the Byker wall.

This seems unlikely to meet the Crown Prince’s ambitions, and in November 2024 it was reported that the project’s chief executive had stepped down. An article published by Intelligence Online in the same month hinted that Al Rumayyan might be next to lose his job. The article’s author had “learned from several sources in Riyadh that Al Rumayyan could pay the price for the major revisions currently affecting MbS's mega-projects.”

Further setbacks were reported in March 2025, but Al Rumayyan remains in post, preserving a close relationship with Mohammed bin Salman that now stretches back nearly a decade.

Back in 2017, Al Rumayyan showed his loyalty to the Crown Prince when he played a role in one of the defining moments of bin Salman’s rise to power. Nearly 400 of the most powerful men in the kingdom were detained in the Ritz hotel in Riyadh as part of a so-called “anti-corruption” drive. Detainees were beaten, tortured, and blackmailed, and their assets were seized.  Al Rumayyan was ordered to transfer 20 of the seized companies to PIF, according to documents filed in a court in Canada.

In January 2024, the former Saudi intelligence chief Saad Al-Jabri claimed that Al-Rumayyan had carried out the instructions of Mohammed Bin Salman with the intent of “harming, silencing and ultimately destroying” his family. Al-Jabri was alleging that the Crown Prince had planned to have him assassinated in October 2018.

Despite his other responsibilities, Al Rumayyan has not stayed hidden in the background at NUFC, and he has attended matches as frequently as you could expect for a man in his position.

He has been photographed playing golf in a jumper with a Newcastle United crest on it and he even made an appearance on the pitch at half time at St. James’ Park in a match v Leicester City in May 2023, showing off a jacket with black and white lining.

He didn’t shy away from the limelight at the Carabao Cup final victory either. The image of him lifting the trophy was a defining moment of the day, and a landmark for the Saudi ownership of NUFC so far.

Ultimately, it was his decision to press ahead with the purchase of Newcastle United, after the idea was put to him by Amanda Staveley, with help from his ‘advisor’, Instagram model Carla DiBello. In January 2024, Intelligence Online wrote that “investment in Newcastle, clinched in 2021, is highly symbolic for Yasir al-Rumayyan, who put his heart and soul into the deal”.

Al Rumayyan’s international profile is also of relevance: in March 2023, The Athletic wrote that “one thing protecting Al-Rumayyan is his international prominence…. In July 2022, he was photographed with Donald Trump standing at the first tee of Trump National Golf Club Bedminster. Both wore ‘Make America Great Again’ hats.”

Days after his re-election as President, Trump was pictured sitting next to Al Rumayyan and Elon Musk at a UFC event. In February 2025 Al Rumayyan attended an investment event in Miami, where he was singled out for praise by Trump.

Since Trump took office for his second term, Al Rumayyan has also been involved in discussions to resolve the issues caused by LIV Golf. This saga has rumbled on for even longer than the PIF takeover of NUFC, and, like the NUFC takeover, has also been subject to government intervention, with Trump taking part in talks between the PGA and LIV Golf on 25th February.

While some of the projects Al Rumayyan supervises may be in trouble, his presence on the international stage at the beginning of 2025 seemed as strong as ever.

UK based Saudi Royalty: Prince Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud, Ambassador to the UK

Prince Khalid was the Saudi ambassador to the UK for six years, with his time in post coming to an end in June 2025. He is not a PIF employee, but aside from Al Rumayyan he is arguably the Saudi national who has been most closely associated with the takeover, even though he hasn’t spoken to the media about NUFC.

He appears to have been broadly supportive of Al Rumayyan and his plans for the club: The Athletic reported that he asked Foreign Secretary James Cleverley for an update on the takeover’s progress in May 2020. According to WhatsApp messages sent by Staveley at the time, he also spoke to bin Salman about the takeover on two occasions in August 2020, and even offered to send a letter to the Premier League claiming that PIF was separate from the Saudi state. When Al Rumayyan lifted the Carabao Cup at Wembley on 16th March 2025, Prince Khalid was standing behind him.

The ambassador already had a link to the North East prior to the takeover, through his marriage to Lady Cuthbert, the niece of Ralph Percy, the current and 12th Duke of Northumberland. In this sense, Prince Khalid also has a connection to former Conservative minister Lord Dominic Johnson. Johnson’s uncle is Nicholas Craig-Harvey, and he is married to Lady Julia, daughter of the Duke’s father Hugh Percy, the 10th Duke of Northumberland.

Lord Johnson was the Investment minister in the last Conservative government when Newcastle City Council handed Amanda Staveley a briefing paper with a list of discussion points they wanted her to push on their behalf, in advance of a meeting she held with Johnson in 2023. At the time, Staveley was PIF’s frontwoman at NUFC.

Johnson has publicly supported investment in green energy in the North East, and Prince Khalid has engaged with former Labour MEP Alan Donnelly’s North East Economic Forum. The prince has also publicly supported investment in green energy. During Johnson’s time as Investment minister, the two distant relatives met a number of times at a range of events, often discussing the supposed mutual benefits that green energy offered Saudi Arabia and the UK.

Aside from a proposed deal to buy a share of Newcastle Airport, which has yet to be completed, green energy is the only sector which has seen any significant Saudi investment in the North East in more than 3 and a half years since the takeover’s completion.

In October 2021, petrochemicals manufacturer Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) announced plans to invest almost £1 billion into a plant they own on Teesside, and in March 2022, Saudi firm Alfanar announced another £1billion of investment to operate the Lighthouse Green Fuels Project at Port Clarence, Teesside.

On 9th December 2024, Keir Starmer announced that North East Universities will collaborate with universities and research institutes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to create a Joint International Institute for Clean Hydrogen. Although nearly 9 months later, no further details of the collaboration have been released.

It seems possible that this investment has as much to do with the Duke of Northumberland’s family as it does with Newcastle United.

The Duke’s Alnwick Castle home has been used as a venue for NUFC board meetings on at least 2 occasions, one of which was filmed as part of the Amazon Prime Documentary ‘We Are Newcastle United’ and had Chairman Yasir Al Rumayyan in attendance.

Unlike Al Rumayyan, Prince Khalid does come from a prominent family of Saudi royals - his father is the former Saudi Ambassador to the US, Prince Bandar, who had been one of the main beneficiaries when former Prime Minister Tony Blair closed the al Yamamah arms deal corruption investigation. BAE Systems had gifted Prince Bandar a £75m Airbus 340, which he used as his personal plane. It has been alleged that he was paid more than £1 billion in bribes by BAE for his part in the deal. Prior to the September 11th attacks, the prince and his wife had passed thousands of dollars to a Saudi national in the US. Some of this money was then passed to a man who had provided support to two of the hijackers. In 2020, a US court ordered Prince Bandar to give evidence on his possible knowledge of the attacks.

Prince Khalid does not have any official role in the Saudi government related to sport; however his sister Reema is now the Saudi ambassador to the US, occupying the post previously held by her father, and she is also a member of the International Olympic Committee. She was pictured attending Iftar with Donald Trump at the White House on 28th March 2025, prompting an angry reaction from many Muslims, particularly since Trump had proposed the ethnic cleansing of Gaza just a few weeks earlier.

Prince Khalid’s brother Prince Faisal also occupies a post in the Saudi government related to sport: he is the Chairman of the Saudi Esports Federation.

There is nothing in the public domain to suggest that Prince Khalid is anything other than well disposed towards Al Rumayyan during his time as UK Ambassador. His ties to this country extend beyond his diplomatic posting - like other Gulf royals, he was educated at Eton, Oxford, and Sandhurst, and he has even consolidated ties to this country through marriage. Nonetheless, his departure from his ambassadorial role might be interpreted as the loss of a strong supporter of Al Rumayyan’s project at NUFC. 

PIF  International division

On 17th July 2023, Al Rumayyan resigned as a director at NCUK and was replaced with Turqi Al Nowaiser. No explanation for the change was ever given, with local paper The Shields Gazette writing that “senior sources at Newcastle have confirmed nothing has changed internally at the club regarding Al-Rumayyan’s position or the club’s future strategy.”

Al Nowaiser is one of two deputy governors at PIF appointed by Al Rumayyan in 2021. He oversees international investments and, according to Bloomberg, he has been regarded as ‘employee number 2’ at PIF.

The other deputy governor is Yazeed Al Humied.  He is responsible for the Middle East and North Africa Division, which was initially seen as the less important role, meaning Al Humied was given the label ‘employee number 3’.

If Al Nowaiser oversees international investment, it seems probable that Newcastle director and Head of PIF Europe Direct Investments Jacobo Solis will be answerable to him.

Solis was first indirectly introduced to Newcastle fans when he was featured in the Amazon Prime documentary (released in July 2023) discussing a player transfer and a sponsorship deal. Local press reported he also attended Newcastle’s Champions League match against AC Milan at the San Siro on 19th September 2023, where he had lunch with the Newcastle board and AC Milan’s owner.

Daily Mail journalist Craig Hope named him as the PIF official that Eales complained to about minority owner Amanda Staveley’s excessive involvement in the club’s affairs. Staveley’s departure from the club followed shortly afterwards.

NUFC Fans Against Sportswashing uncovered an email from Staveley to Newcastle City Council that Solis was copied into just weeks after the takeover in October 2021 – showing that Solis had been playing a leading role in running the club almost immediately after the takeover’s completion. In spite of this he was only named as a director on 9th January 2025 and has never engaged with local media on the record.

Sulalman Al-Beayeyz also appeared in the 2023 documentary, where he was shown taking part in Teams calls with Solis and other NUFC board members. In an article for The Athletic, Chris Waugh identified Al-Beayeyz as a PIF Europe employee, meaning he most probably reports to Solis. Waugh wrote that both he and Solis are ‘prominent voices’ in the Newcastle boardroom. Al-Beayeyz hasn’t been given any official role at NUFC, but he attended the League Cup final at Wembley, and he was included in the celebratory photo in front of fans after the match.

On 23rd February 2023 a Saudi woman was added to the NUFC board of directors. Asmaa Mohammed Rezeeq is Head of Global Private Equity and Alternative Investments, which is another role you might expect to be overseen by Al Nowaiser. When her appointment was mentioned it was speculated that she may have a prominent role to play, but she has never spoken on the record or featured in any of the club’s media.

PIF Middle East and North Africa Division

The other deputy governor at PIF is Yazeed Al Humied, the Head of the Middle East and North Africa Division who was known as ‘employee number three.’ He has never held any official role in connection to NUFC.

In September 2024 Bloomberg wrote that the MENA Division of the fund “was regarded as the less glamorous arm of the PIF for years, [but] the $925 billion fund’s growing domestic focus means that Al Humied is now increasingly being courted by the titans of investing.”

He currently manages roughly two-thirds of PIF’s assets, including its two largest asset pools, and Bloomberg reported that the division he controls is expected to retain its significance:

“Local investments will likely stay as the most significant part of PIF’s portfolio by far,” said Diego Lopez, managing director of Global SWF. “In that context, we see the role of Yazeed as increasingly important, especially for the next five years until the completion of Saudi Vision 2030, if not beyond.”

Bloomberg also reported a source as telling them:

“In one sign that he’s been groomed for a higher profile role, Al Humied is among many senior executives who have been offered training similar to what was made available to Al Rumayyan.”

As Al Rumayyan is the only man under the Crown Prince with a greater status than Al Humied at PIF, could a “higher profile role” for Al Humied have led to a reduction in authority for Al Rumayyan? We haven’t enough information to judge whether that might be the case, but we will see later that someone outside PIF has used an investment company controlled by the investment firm’s MENA division to undermine Al Rumayyan.

On 6th August 2023, PIF announced the formation of SURJ Sport Investment. The company’s media briefing said that SURJ aimed “to focus on assets with high growth potential in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region” which suggests it is overseen by Al Humied and his MENA Division of PIF. Despite this stated purpose, SURJ has been linked to a number of investments which don’t appear to have much relevance to the MENA region, such as Euro League basketball, World Athletics, and Italian cycling.

PIF chief operations officer Bander Mogren resigned from NCUK Limited on 17th August 2023 at the same time as Al Rumayyan. A couple of weeks later, it became clear that he was the new chair of the MENA focused SURJ. He was replaced as a director at NCUK Limited by PIF’s chief financial officer Yasir Al-Salman. No information was provided to the media about this.

Abdulmajid Ahmed Alhagbani is the Head of Middle East and North Africa securities investments and he became a director at NUFC on 23rd February 2023 at the same time Asmaa Mohammed Rezeeq joined the board. He briefly appeared in the 'We Are Newcastle United' documentary, and his job title would suggest he reports to Al Humied. It seems slightly odd that someone with a position focused on the Middle East and North Africa would be chosen to sit on the board of an English football club, and it marks him out from other PIF employees under Al Rumayyan who we know have roles at the club or are involved in running it: Al Nowaiser and Rezeeq both seem to be focused on PIF’s international investments, while Solis and Al-Beayeyz are both attached to PIF Europe.

As well as being on NUFC’s board of directors, Alhagbani became the Vice Chairman of PIF owned Saudi Pro League Club AL Hilal on 8th July 2023.

He is also the Vice Chairman of NUFC’s sponsor Sela Events Company, and he is on the board of the General Entertainment Authority, controlled by Turki al Sheikh. We will see later that this might have some significance.

An earlier resignation from the NUFC board of directors took place when Majad al Sorour left in December 2022. He had been a director at the club for just seven months when he left, and the reason for his departure was never explained. His resignation was only reported in the media more than 2 months after it actually happened, when it was revealed in a Companies House filing.

Like the other directors he had kept a very low profile, but he did make limited attempts to engage with supporters -appearing in one of the post-match squad photos and thanking supporters at the end of the 21/22 season. Al Sorour disappeared altogether for several months after his resignation. The Athletic explained that ‘there are no suggestions anything untoward has happened to Al Sorour’ – Newcastle United is probably the only club in the league where such clarifying statements are deemed necessary. He eventually re-emerged as the Chief Executive of PIF owned club Al Nassr in January 2025.

There is enough information in the public domain to question the club’s July 2023 briefing “that nothing has changed internally at the club regarding Al-Rumayyan’s position or the club’s future strategy”. In the eight months between December 2022 and July 2023 there were 3 resignations and 4 appointments to the club’s board of directors and the holding company NCUK Limited. 4 Saudi clubs were brought under PIF control in July 2023 and the MENA focused SURJ was created in August 2023. One of the individuals who severed ties with NUFC went to work for the MENA focused SURJ, and another eventually landed at a Saudi Pro League Club as a Chief Executive, while a current NUFC director became a Vice Chairman at a club in the SPL.

These changes took place within a relatively small timeframe, against a background of an increased focus on securing inward investment into Saudi Arabia, while it was becoming increasingly clear that some of the projects Al Rumayyan is responsible for were faltering. It seems probable that this changing environment did have an impact on the club to some degree, contrary to the briefings that local media have received, although to what extent is unclear.

This is very far from a complete picture of PIF’s involvement at NUFC. I didn’t spot any of the 3 PIF employees who sit on the club’s board of directors alongside Al Rumayyan at the Carabao Cup final, but there were at least 2 members of Al Rumayyan’s entourage who had also been with him at St James’ Park on 23rd February 2025. They weren’t recognisable as anyone mentioned above, but they were too animated to be security. We just don’t know who they are or what they do, and we cannot be confident we will find out in the near future.

Of the PIF officials who are on the board of directors, Asmaa Mohammed Rezeeq was reported to have visited St James’ Park on 1st September 2024, Jacobo Solis was reported to have been present for at least 2 matches this season, and someone very much resembling Alhagbani was filmed on the pitch with Al Rumayyan after the match against Nottingham Forest on 23rd February. If it was Alhagbani, it would mean that each of the PIF employees on the NUFC board have been to St James’ Park at least once this season.

It has also been reported that PIF Head of Corporate Affairs Kevin Foster has visited Newcastle as part of a PIF delegation. He has no official role connected to the club, but neither did Jacobo Solis prior to January 2025, and that did not prevent him from participating in decision making at NUFC.

There seems a remarkable lack of curiosity on Tyneside on issues such as this, given what fans had told the supporter’s trust prior to the takeover.

The increased focus on inward investment into Saudi Arabia and difficulties with NEOM may have presented challenges to Al Rumayyan’s authority at PIF, but his project at NUFC could also face obstacles created by other influential people and organisations in the Kingdom.

Ministry of Sports and Saudi Pro League: Prince Abdulaziz Turki bin Faisal Al Saud

The Saudi Sports Minister is Prince Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Saud. Unlike Al Rumayyan, he is from one of the most influential families in the House of Saud – he is the son of Prince Turki bin Faisal Al Saud, who resigned from his position as Director General of Saudi Arabia‘s intelligence agency — a post he had held for 23 years — 10 days before the attack on the Twin Towers. In 2002 he was named in a multibillion-dollar lawsuit by the families of 11 September victims, alleging that he may have funded the terrorists involved in the attack. The case was dismissed in 2003. He admitted meeting Bin Laden several times in his official capacity. In 2001, Robert Fisk wrote in The Independent that he was ‘the man who had done more than any other individual to cement the Taliban’s power in Afghanistan’. In 2003 Prince Turki admitted on a live call-in show that 6 British men had been tortured by his intelligence agents. After leaving his post in charge of Saudi Arabia’s intelligence, he had a brief spell as ambassador to the US between 2005 and  2007 with some reports claiming he resigned over differences with his predecessor Prince Bandar.

The Sports Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Saud followed the NUFC twitter account in April 2020. He has exerted some influence over events at St James’ Park when he ordered a complete media blackout when the Saudi national team faced Costa Rica and South Korea in Newcastle in September 2023, preventing head coach Roberto Mancini and his squad from speaking to the press.

Until recently, clubs competing in Saudi Arabia’s Pro League were all controlled by the Ministry of Sports, relying on the state for financial support. That changed in June 2023 when PIF took majority ownership of four of the league’s biggest clubs: Riyadh-based Al Nassr and Al Hilal, and Jeddah-based Al Ittihad and Al Ahli.

In a sense PIF had taken some control of the Saudi Pro League away from the Ministry of Sport.

The way this change was reported by North East media hinted at a disconnect between the briefings the club’s representatives in Newcastle disseminate to journalists, and the actions of the ultimate owners in Riyadh.

On March 2nd 2023, Staveley told a Financial Times Business of Football summit that NUFC had: “looked at multi-club. Whenever you look at multi-club you’ve got to make sure you’ve got the right fit. That’s at a quite early stage, we’re just looking.”

As was usually the case during Staveley’s time at NUFC, the media soon managed to obtain details of apparent developments. On 30th March The Chronicle reported that the club were “believed to have held talks with US-based firm 777 Partners.”

The Chronicle then related that Newcastle were linked with KV Oostende, and a delegation from PIF had visited the club in April. The delegation went on to watch Standard Liège, who are also owned by 777 Partners. The Guardian added that PIF had sounded out several clubs in Portugal and held talks with the French club Dijon.

Reading these articles gave the impression that the very early stages of a European based multi-club model were being put in place, so it came as something of a surprise when news broke the following month that the PIF had taken over 4 leading clubs in Saudi Arabia. Was this “the right fit” that Staveley had talked about?

NUFC’s Chairman now controlled 4 other football clubs. This unprecedented development was met with silence from Staveley and the rest of the club’s representatives on Tyneside – their views on the implications of the new model for NUFC remained unknown. Perhaps they were as surprised at the news as everyone else? The multi-club model now in place bears no resemblance to the proposed structures that were being outlined by the media between March and May 2023. There was almost nothing in the press suggesting that PIF are pursuing a European multi-club model with NUFC at its apex for some months, until chief executive Darren Eales was asked about the possibility in January 2024. He said:

“That’s something we would continue to look at but not something that comes to mind at the moment. Fairly preliminary at the moment.”

As it stands there is nothing to suggest a Europe based multi-club model will be put in place at NUFC any time soon.

For some reason, the hierarchy at NUFC, who we are told operate with guidance from the head of PIF Europe, Jacobo Solis, didn’t seem to be on the same page as other departments within the investment fund, even though the head of MENA Securities Investments, Abdulmajid Ahmed Alhagbani is an NUFC board member and was playing an active part in PIF’s new multi-club model as Vice Chairman of Al Hilal FC.

The immediate fear amongst the rest of the Premier League was that NUFC would be at an advantage when it came to player trading, with the opportunity to rake in vastly inflated fees from the PIF owned clubs in Saudi Arabia. This fear hasn’t been realised. NUFC have only sold Allan Saint-Maximin to the Saudi Pro League for a very reasonable looking £20m in 2023 – a small fraction of the £784.2m the Saudi based clubs spent during that summer’s window.

In fact, some other Premier League clubs seem to have benefited more than NUFC by selling to the PIF owned clubs in the Saudi Pro League. Chelsea and Man City have each obtained fees for 3 of their unwanted players. Aston Villa have received £114m for two of theirs. Prior to the summer transfer window in 2025, the PIF owned teams in the Saudi Pro League have bought the following players for fees from Premier League clubs:

Al-Hilal have signed Joao Cancelo from Manchester City (£21.2m), Ruben Neves from Wolves (£47m), Alexander Mitrovic from Fulham (£50m) and Kalidou Koulibaly from Chelsea (£20m)

Al-Ittihad have signed Moussa Diaby from Aston Villa (£50m) and Fabinho from Liverpool (£40m)

Al-Nassr have signed Jhon Durán from Aston Villa (£64m), Angelo Gabriel from Chelsea (£19.4m), Alex Telles from Man United (£5m) and Aymeric Laporte from Manchester City (£23.6m)

And Al-Ahli have signed Ivan Toney from Brentford (£40m), Riyad Mahrez from Manchester City (£30m), Edouard Mendy from Chelsea (£16m) as well as Allan Saint-Maximin from Newcastle (£20m).

Daily Mail journalist Craig Hope wrote that NUFC’s “negotiations with Al-Ahli over a £20m deal for Allan Saint-Maximin were difficult and Newcastle were left feeling short-changed”. On the other hand, one of the first things that former NUFC director Majed Al Sorour did after becoming Al Nassr chief executive in January 2025 was pose for a photo with new signing Jhon Durán. The club had just paid £64m to NUFC rivals Aston Villa.

Al Hilal have spent nearly half a billion euros on players over the 2 seasons prior to this summer transfer window, but none of that money has found its way to NUFC, even though NUFC board member Abdulmajid Ahmed Al Hagbani is Al Hilal’s vice chairman.

The failure to extract any advantage from the connection to PIF’s Saudi based clubs became most obvious during the summer 2024 transfer window, when the club struggled desperately to offload players to comply with Profit and Sustainability Rules.

A club source told Telegraph Sport that the window was “not like anything they had encountered before” with arguments and disagreements, “a lot of stress” and a horrible feeling they would not be able to solve the problem.

“The season was almost over before it had begun,” they said. “If we had been hit with a 10-point penalty, and that is what we were looking at, how would we have realistically been able to push for Europe next season?”

And yet, NUFC were still unable to rely on the PIF owned Saudi clubs to come to their assistance, instead being forced to offload the highly rated Elliot Anderson and Yankuba Minteh.

Even though Al Rumayyan should be one of the most powerful men in Saudi Arabia, and he controls the 4 biggest clubs in Saudi Arabia, there was no help for NUFC. Is there any reason why Al Rumayyan hasn’t exerted his influence here?

The water is muddied by the difficulty in distinguishing where the domains of PIF, SURJ Investments, and the Ministry of Sport begin and end. The expanding scope of the General Entertainment Authority, chaired by Turki Al Sheik, does nothing to clarify matters. Earlier this year Intelligence Online suggested that Al Sheikh has been ‘encroaching on the turf’ of both Al Rumayyan and the sports minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Saud with both ‘powerless to do anything about it’.

General Entertainment Authority: Turki Al Sheik

Turki Al Sheik followed the NUFC Instagram account on 13th April 2020, long before the takeover’s eventual completion. Since then, he has become very well known in the UK through his connection with boxing. However, his influence in Saudi Arabia extends far beyond sports and entertainment.

On 28th January 2025 an article published in Intelligence Online gave the impression that Al Rumayyan’s position was becoming increasingly precarious, and they attributed this in part to the actions of Al Sheik.

According to the article, on 15th January 2025 all of PIF's bankers and advisers participated in a video conference to negotiate an agreement to purchase a share of the sports streaming group DAZN on behalf of the PIF subsidiary SURJ Sports Investments. The negotiations were tense, especially on the Saudi side, because the deal was being reached without the initial approval of Al Rumayyan.

Al Rumayyan had been leading negotiations for PIF regarding a possible purchase of Qatar’s state broadcaster beIN Sports, which the Qataris were prepared to disassociate themselves from in the aftermath of the 2022 World Cup. But Al Sheikh advised the Crown Prince that PIF should invest in DAZN instead. Even though Al Sheikh has no official role within PIF, Al Rumayyan was overruled, in what Intelligence Online described as a ‘severe dent in his authority’, adding that the ‘negotiations are a slap in the face for the PIF governor, now in direct competition with his fast-rising rival’.

Shortly after the article’s publication, the PIF-owned sports investment company SURJ Sports Investment completed a $1 billion purchase of 10% of DAZN in February 2025.

The version of events outlined by Intelligence Online was largely verified by Jacob Whitehead, writing for The Athletic on 28th April 2025. He wrote that ‘multiple sources with knowledge of the power dynamics at play say that Al-Sheikh is currently competing with PIF governor Yasir Al-Rumayyan for MBS’s ear’. Whitehead referenced the DAZN deal, and added a quote from an ‘anonymous source with extensive links in Saudi high society’:

“There was one dinner during Riyadh Season, and there was a big table for the VIPs… Turki entered the room and went to the seat which was at the same table as Yasir. Yasir stood up, waiting to greet him, and Turki didn’t even look at him. He didn’t speak to him at all. It was clear to everyone there that Yasir was waiting for 30 seconds to be able to sit. The dinner was just about who the leader is. ‘Don’t mess with me. Little by little, I’m going to take your place.”

If it is correct that “all of PIF’s bankers and advisers” were taking part in the deal to bring 10% of DAZN under the control of PIF’s ostensibly MENA focused SURJ Investments, then this raises the possibility that some of the PIF employees connected to NUFC have played a role in undermining Al Rumayyan (not that they would have had much choice in the matter). Former NCUK director and current SURJ chair and PIF chief operations officer Bander Mogren’s positions makes it seem highly likely that he will have played a part in the negotiations.

Abdulmajid Ahmed Alhagbani is also in a position which could present challenges and opportunities. While he sits on the NUFC board with Al Rumayyan, and reports to him at PIF, he also sits on the board of Al Sheikh’s General Entertainment Authority. How does he navigate the fraught relationship between his two superiors? And how does this affect NUFC? Alhagbani’s ties to PIF, GEA, and the Ministry of Sport personifies the difficulty in distinguishing where the authority of each of these organizations begins and ends.

At the same time as PIF were negotiating with DAZN, the streaming company purchased the rights to the 2025 Club World Cup. Until then FIFA had been struggling to find a TV deal that would satisfy the richest clubs in Europe. This transaction was also valued at $1 billion, meaning that once again, the possibility arises that PIF may be helping to send money to NUFC’s Premier League rivals. Manchester City and Chelsea both competed in the competition, with each earning up to £97m in prize money.

Turki Al Sheik’s lineage is preeminent in Saudi Arabia. The Al al-Shaykh are descendants of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the Islamic cleric who formed an alliance with Muhammad ibn Saud in the mid-eighteenth century. It was his fundamentalist interpretation of Islam that formed the foundation of Saudi Arabia’s ultra-conservative and repressive society. But while his name is recognisable to Saudis, he is not from a branch of the Al Sheikh family with any significant power. Like Al Rumayyan, Al Sheikh owes his current status entirely to Mohammed bin Salman.

Al Sheik’s relationship with bin Salman predates Al Rumayyan’s introduction to the Crown Prince - he first met bin Salman when he was assigned to be part of his security detail long before bin Salman’s rise to power became foreseeable. The pair grew close playing video games like Assassin’s Creed and League of Legends together (Bin Salman is reported to remain an avid gamer to this day).

Also in the Princes’ security detail was Saud Al Qahtani, who had abilities as a computer hacker, and would later become the supervisor of the Centre for Studies and Media Affairs, earning the monikers “Mr. Hashtag” and “Lord of the Flies” after the cyber bots he uses to harass the regime’s dissidents.

The two henchmen were to play an important role in the moment when bin Salman effectively seized power.

In 2017, then Crown Prince Mohammed bin Nayef would have been in line to take the throne on King Salman’s death, but he was “persuaded” to renounce his succession rights after being invited to meet with bin Salman. He was separated from his bodyguards and shown into a room where Al Qahtani and Al Sheikh were waiting with several others, who detained him overnight. It’s been alleged that his medication was withheld, while he was strung up by his ankles and told that the women of his family would be raped if he did not step aside. The following morning he met bin Salman and pledged his allegiance to him. Video footage of the moment shows Al Sheikh in the background.

Both Al Qahtani and Al Sheikh featured again when bin Salman arbitrarily detained some of the country’s richest businessmen and some of his royal cousins at the Ritz Hotel. While Al Rumayyan showed his loyalty to the Crown Prince by transferring assets in the aftermath of the episode, both Al Sheikh and Al Qahtani played an active role on the ground, acting as interrogators and demanding confessions to supposed crimes as well as pledges to hand over money and assets.

Dennis Horak, a former Canadian ambassador to Riyadh said that foreign envoys often sought out the two men because of their influence over the Prince. Before his death, Jamal Khashoggi said:

“The crown prince does not have political advisers except Turki Al Sheikh and Saud Al Qahtani… They are very thuggish. People fear them. You challenge them, you might end up in prison.”

It was the aftermath of Jamal Khasshogi’s death in a Saudi embassy in Istanbul which forced Al Qahtani from the public eye – he was identified by US intelligence agencies as the ringleader in the assassination. Intelligence agencies alleged that he called in to the consulate via Skype to insult Khashoggi personally, before telling the death squad holding him to ‘bring me the head of the dog.’

Al Qahtani was dismissed from his ministerial roles and placed under house arrest, while Al Sheikh went on to head up the General Entertainment Authority and gained international fame through his association with sport. A recent indication of his increasingly prominent global status came when he posted a photo of himself meeting with Evan Spiegal, founder of Snapchat on 21st July 2025. We’ve been given the impression that meetings with US tech billionaires would be more likely to be part of Al Rumayyan’s schedule, rather than Al Sheikh’s, but Al Sheikh seems to have successfully disassociated himself from his history of extortion and torture, and his international profile appears to be increasing.

Al Sheikh has not forgotten his old friend though. In February 2020, he circulated a poem that Al Qahtani had written celebrating his innocence after an investigation cleared him of wrong doing. Al Sheikh also used his social media account to share an image of himself with Al Qahtani as recently as 2024.

Aside from following the NUFC account, Al Sheikh hasn’t publicly acknowledged the club or its supporters. But strangely enough, Al Qahtani has been reported to have engaged with NUFC fans online, or - more probably – someone acting on his behalf has.

Shortly after it became known the PIF takeover of NUFC was a possibility, some fans became aware of a twitter account posting prolifically under the name ‘KateStewart22’. The account’s content largely consisted of a bizarre mix of fawning over the British Royal family, and obsessive support for both the Saudi state and the proposed takeover.

Although it was clearly a sock puppet account, some NUFC fans went out of their way to interact with it, most notably Steve Wraith, the host of the NUFC Matters podcast, who replied to it numerous times. Wraith had been photographed sitting next to Amanda Staveley at an NUFC match in 2017 during one of her previous attempts to buy the club from Mike Ashley, and his podcast became increasingly popular during the long running PIF takeover saga.

On 14th November 2021, The Daily Mail reported that, according to a lawsuit filed the previous year, KateStewart22 is a ‘masked Twitter account created and operated by’ Al-Qahtani and ‘an unidentified person based in England’.

The account furiously denied the allegation, and was publicly supported by Wraith, who repeatedly and falsely claimed to have met ‘Kate Stewart’ in person. It’s not at all obvious what prompted Wraith to do this. ‘KateStewart22’ is still posting on Twitter, although the account no longer seems very interested in NUFC, and Wraith doesn’t seem to bother with the account anymore either.

That isn’t the only time we’ve seen strange behaviour from an NUFC content creator where Al Qatani has been mentioned. On Tuesday 5th September 2023, Saudi human rights activist Lina al Hathloul visited Newcastle and spoke at a meeting hosted by NUFC Fans Against Sportswashing (NUFCFAS). Lina is the sister of Loujain al-Hathloul who was kidnapped, imprisoned and tortured by the Saudi state after campaigning for the right of women to drive. The meeting took place ahead of the international friendly between Saudi Arabia and Costa Rica, which was played on Friday 8th September. Shortly before the Tuesday meeting, Lina was given a sympathetic interview by NUFC full-time content creator Adam Pearson. She explained her sister’s situation, and described the electrocution, waterboarding and flogging she’d endured, while bin Salman’s right-hand man Al Qatani was present throughout. Pearson then attended the meeting where Lina repeated her sister’s story during a 12 minute speech, mentioning Al Qatani by name to the fans and media who were present. He uploaded his interview with her to YouTube that evening.

But the following day on 6th September, Pearson deleted Lina’s interview without explanation, and then a few hours later he uploaded a video he made of himself criticising the meeting. He also commented on the historic social media posts of an NUFCFAS member that he had obviously sifted through earlier that day.

An NUFCFAS protest outside St. James’ Park took place on the Friday evening before the Saudi Arabia v Costa Rica match, and it soon became apparent that a small counter protest had been organised, with Pearson at the forefront. The gathering stood in front of the NUFCFAS protest for more than an hour and a half, staying past kick-off time. While there Pearson filmed fans arguing with an elderly gentleman who was there in support of NUFCFAS. He uploaded the footage to YouTube and it went viral on social media the following day. He also told watching media that he didn’t think Saudi Arabia was that bad as he’d been able to wear shorts while he was there following NUFC.

As with Wraith, it isn’t at all clear what prompted Pearson to do this.

It also isn’t clear what any uncertainty around Al Rumayyan’s position might mean for NUFC, but the January 2025 Intelligence Online article raised the possibility that the club might be sold, claiming that financial advisers close to the minority shareholders in the club, the Reuben brothers, had been sounding out investors to replace the PIF, as the fund might be about to sell its majority stake.

The NCUK accounts on Companies House show that on 31st December 2024, three accountants from TMF Group were appointed to the board. This might be of interest because one accountant from TMF Group called Vincent Cheshire had been added to the board when NCUK had been created as the vehicle for PIF’s takeover of Newcastle United in early 2020. Cheshire had left the board in August 2023, but now his firm suddenly has a presence on the board of directors again.

Aside from the Intelligence Online article and the movement in the boardroom that came to light in January 2025, there has been little to suggest PIF might part ways with NUFC in the near future. And even the most ardent Saudi apologist amongst the NUFC fanbase might prefer new ownership to the club falling under the influence of Turki Al Sheikh - his involvement in football has not matched his success in boxing.

In December 2017 he became honorary chairman of Egyptian club Al-Ahly, the most successful club in Africa, but quickly incurred the wrath of fans. 3 players were transferred to the Saudi Pro League shortly after his arrival. Argentine coach Ramon Diaz had been expected to become Al-Ahly manager but signed for Saudi club Ittihad Jeddah instead, with Al Sheikh explaining that ‘the Saudi Arabian teams have the priority.’

Upset by the criticism from fans which followed, Al Sheikh left the club soon afterwards and became chairman of another Egyptian club called Al-Assiouty Sport, which he renamed Pyramids FC and relocated 400 miles from their hometown. They had some successes but played to almost deserted stadiums, and after a number of other controversies he left Egyptian football in July 2019. This might be viewed as a victory for Egyptian football fans, but it didn’t come without a cost to at least one supporter. Al-Ahly fan Ahmed Mohamed Omar moved to Saudi Arabia for work in 2021 but was detained and jailed for 19 years for tweets he posted 18 months earlier criticising Al Sheikh.

The Middle East Democracy Centre has verified 10 cases of people being detained in Saudi Arabia for criticising Turki Al-Sheikh, with most of the victims people who didn’t mention the government, but did comment on decisions he made related to sports and entertainment.

After leaving Egyptian football, Al Sheikh bought Spanish La Liga 2 side Almeria in 2019. Investment in infrastructure and promotion to La Liga followed, but they were relegated in 23/24, winning just 3 of their 38 games.

There have been no further reports on a potential sale of NUFC since January, and you would expect that if the Reubens were continually searching for investors to replace PIF then something else would have emerged in the press by now.

In any case, the real decision-making power doesn’t lie with the Reubens – the majority ownership could only change with the acquiescence of the de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman.

Mohammed bin Salman

Before becoming Crown Prince, bin Salman had already initiated a brutal intervention in Yemen in his capacity as Defence Minister in 2015, ordering a naval blockade to prevent food and aid from entering the country. As approximately 90% of Yemen’s food supply is imported, the blockade caused widespread famine. In March 2024, the European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights reported that 17.3 million Yemenis were suffering from acute food insecurity, including six million people at risk of famine. Human rights groups accused the Saudi-led coalition forces of indiscriminately bombing civilians, hospitals, schools and other infrastructure with support from the British government.

The UN estimated that the war in Yemen had killed 377,000 people by the end of 2021. Over 150,000 of these deaths were the direct result of armed conflict, while far more have died due to hunger and disease as a result of the humanitarian crisis caused by the war. Nearly 15,000 civilians have been killed by direct military action, most of them in air strikes.

Executions have steadily increased in Saudi Arabia since bin Salman took power, reaching a record number in 2024 according to Reprieve, who state that the death penalty has been used widely against anyone perceived to be critical of the monarchy, including against child defendants.

Bin Salman also blockaded neighbouring Qatar in June 2017, and he forced the resignation of Lebanon’s prime minister Saad Hariri, seemingly by holding him against his will in November 2017. The murder of Jamal Khashoggi followed in October 2018.

It wasn’t too long after this, in October 2019, that Carla DiBello and Amanda Staveley met Yassir Al Rumayyan on bin Salman’s mega yacht and agreed that PIF would purchase NUFC.

Bin Salman has never commented publicly on NUFC, nor has he attended any matches. But an article in The Telegraph showed that he took an active interest in the takeover of the club, with leaked texts from Staveley advising Mike Ashley’s side that the Crown Prince was losing patience with the process and Al Rummayan was trying to convince him not to pull out altogether. The Daily Mail have reported that bin Salman tried to remove the obstacles to the deal’s completion by sending then prime minister Boris Johnson a message that read: “We expect the English Premier League to reconsider and correct its wrong conclusion.”

It might be worth adding some more context to Saudi Arabia’s investment in sport following their takeover of NUFC.

Since then, Saudi Arabia has continued to add to its interests in sport, including well publicised investments in golf, boxing, esports, and a successful World Cup bid.

Whatever the extent of any rivalries between them may be, 4 of the 5 men at the top of the diagram at the beginning of this article will be sitting on the board of the organising committee for the 2034 World Cup. The committee is chaired by the Crown Prince, while Al Rumayyan, Al Sheikh and Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Faisal each sit on the 18-man board. With 11 stadiums to complete in 9 years, preparations for the tournament will become an increasing priority for the committee members.

The men have also been in very close proximity to each other at a sporting event at least once recently. The event in question wasn’t related to football - it was the 2024 eSports World Cup. Football writer James Montague was in Riyadh when the Crown Prince and League of Legends fan Mohammed bin Salman presented the esports World Cup trophy to the new champions, the Saudi Team Falcons. In his book ‘Engulfed: How Saudi Arabia bought sport and the World’, Montague reported seeing both Al Rumayyan and Turki Al Sheikh at the winner’s ceremony.

The Saudi ambassador to the UK Prince Khalid wasn’t there, but his brother Prince Faisal, the chairman of the Saudi Esports Federation, was present. At the closing ceremony he said, “we could not be more delighted with what's transpired this summer – it's a historic moment in time that Saudi Arabia and the world will always remember fondly."

Abdulaziz bin Turki Al-Faisal, the Minster for Sport said, “It was amazing to see the passion that so many people have for esports in Riyadh this weekend”.

Montague writes that PIF have committed £38 billion to gaming and esports – a figure which dwarfs the £300m takeover and subsequent spending on NUFC. There wasn’t anyone representing the Premier League or NUFC at the Esports World Cup presentation ceremony, but two of the biggest names in football were in attendance: FIFA President Gianni Infantino and Cristiano Ronaldo both watched bin Salman hand over the trophy.

Even though a number of senior figures in the Saudi state have established a connection to NUFC, the investment in our football club seems to be on a far smaller scale than their spending commitments elsewhere. This was fully acknowledged by NUFC chief executive Darren Eales when he was asked about the ownership’s commitment to the club in July 2024, and he replied:

“In one sense, on a scale of investment, it’s probably one of their (PIF’s) smallest companies. But in terms of profile and interest, it’s one of their highest. They’re fully committed and we’re excited”.

But it’s undeniable that the landscape regarding PIFs sporting investments has changed greatly since they started the process of attempting to buy the club, and Eales was never likely to say that the ownership wasn't committed. There’s also been an increasingly obvious discrepancy between what is briefed by club sources to media regarding PIF’s ambitions for the club, and what actually transpires.

In February 2022, Staveley and her husband told The Athletic that they were “looking at sites” for a purpose-built, world- class training ground, but warned that it “will probably take three years, maybe a little bit more”.

A number of updates followed, including a tweet from Daily Mail journalist Craig Hope on 5th July 2022, which stated that a site next to the racecourse north of the city had been identified as a possible location, and a local firm of architects had completed impressive drawings for a new complex. But after that there were only vague and intermittent updates from journalists, until  23rd January 2025, when Hope exclusively revealed that ‘world renowned architects Populous are set to design Newcastle’s new training ground’. Once again, land by the racecourse to the north of the city was pinpointed as the most likely site for construction work to start.

This exclusive came nearly 2 and a half years after Hope initially revealed plans for a training ground. The probable site was still the same, but a different architect was now involved, and this time they were yet to complete the designs. If anything, things seemed to have moved backwards. On 4th March 2025, Eales indicated that a site was yet to be selected, saying: “We’re at the early stages and have to look at all viable possibilities.”

News on a stadium has been in a similar vein. In August 2023, Eales told fans that the club had started a ‘feasibility study’ to look at options regarding either increasing the capacity of St James’ Park or building a new ground altogether. Since then journalists have written numerous articles on the subject, often relying on snippets of information from club sources, but in January 2025, The Athletic reported that the club hadn’t even held formal talks with the council on the matter, and an anonymous source they’d spoken to was repeatedly insisting that PIF won’t invest the required funds for such a project.

When Al Rumayyan visited St James Park with a PIF delegation in February of this year, the press gave the impression that he was there to make a decision on the stadium’s future: ‘Newcastle’s £1.6bn decision: owners fly in to decide St James’ Park future’ was the headline in The Guardian.

But Eales didn’t have an update when he addressed the press the following month, and 3 months after the visit there still hasn’t been any news. It’s now approaching 2 years since the club started the feasibility study, and nothing has been announced.

No one has mentioned the multi-club model for some time either. Nearly 4 years have elapsed since NUFC was taken over by the Saudi state, and it has become increasingly clear that PIF’s representatives in Newcastle don’t seem to be in a position to give accurate information on projects that will require major capital investment.

Senior politicians have appeared to be similarly misinformed when discussing proposed Saudi investment into the North East.

On 14th May 2024, deputy prime minister Oliver Dowden claimed that $3 billion of investment from Saudi Arabia would be made in the North East, with an accompanying press release saying that news of the investment was based on new figures to be released, and would sustain 2000 jobs. More than 12 months later and the figures have yet to be released, and there has been no further news on this proposed investment.

Prime minister Keir Starmer announced that North East Universities will collaborate with Saudi universities and research institutes to create a Joint International Institute for Clean Hydrogen in December 2024, but there’s been no further news on this either.

Even British politicians seem unable to produce accurate information about proposed Saudi investment into the North East and NUFC. Only PIF might be able to answer the following questions:

If Al Rumayyan’s resignation from NCUK in 2023 really was of no consequence, then why did it happen? Did the resignations and appointments made that year signal a realignment of PIF’s strategy for NUFC?

Could Al Rumayyan be removed as governor of PIF altogether?

If a billion-dollar deal for a share in a streaming company required approval from bin Salman, would a decision on a new stadium for NUFC also require a sign off from the Crown Prince as well?

Is Al Rumayyan concerned about building significant infrastructure in another country while the projects he oversees in Saudi Arabia fail to meet expectations? Would he even be allowed to start building a new stadium? If he is, then why hasn’t he?

Could the club fall under the influence of Turki al Sheikh?

Al Sheikh told Egyptian football fans that ‘the Saudi teams come first’. Does the same maxim now apply to NUFC?

But answers are unlikely to be forthcoming, and the desire of NUFC supporters trust members to see a clear plan outlining the owner’s ambitions for the club looks certain to go unrealised. That seems to be one of the costs of supporting a club controlled by a secretive, oppressive autocracy.

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